Delinquent: a minor who commits acts that are crimes when committed by adults
Status offenses: noncriminal offenses such as truancy and ungovernable that apply only to individuals whose status is that of a juvenile
CHINS: "children in need of supervision" states use this term when they have not relinquished jurisdiction over status offenders
Patria Potestas: "fatherly power" the power of the father over his family
Paterna Pietas: "fatherly love" limiting the power of the fathers
Parens Patriae: "father of his country" the obligation of the state to care for people in need of care and protection, such as children and the mentally ill
Binding out: the practice of assigning children to foster parents as indentured servants
Brideswell: early English institutions for housing and training youthful offenders. Usually place where the treatment of children was harsh and the owners used the children as free labor to fill their pockets with money
Progressives: a nineteenth century group of liberal reformers who argued for the professionalization of public service
Child Savers: liberals whose goal was to reform the juvenile justice system
Waived: a term used to describe a juvenile being transferred (waived) from juvenile to adult court because of the seriousness of the crime. The juveniles are then subject to criminal prosecution and punishments of the adult court.
Judicial waiver: transfer of a juvenile to criminal court decided by a juvenile court judge at his or her own discretion after a full inquiry into the matter
Prosecutorial discretion: type of waiver (also known as a direct file) allowing prosecutors file certain juvenile cases in either juvenile or adult court
Statutory exclusion: an automatic waiver (also called a legislative waiver) applied when state legislatures have statutorily excluded serious offenses from the juvenile courts, based on age
Amicus Curiae brief: "friend of the court" briefs presented to the court arguing in favor of one side or the other by interested parties not directly involved in the case
Megan's Law: requires law enforcement agencies in all fifty states to register sex offenders in their area
Restorative Justice: an approach to criminal justice aiming to repair the harm done by an agreeable restorative solution
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